{"id":7392,"date":"2024-10-03T11:08:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T16:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/?page_id=7392"},"modified":"2026-01-23T04:30:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T10:30:28","slug":"passivation-services","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/passivation\/passivation-services\/","title":{"rendered":"Passivation of Stainless Steel"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content_no_spaces&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1689875466833{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 5% !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 5% !important;background-color: #323233 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1689618176009{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 16px !important;padding-bottom: 16px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7029&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1689874075151{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1724251949433{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 44px !important;padding-right: 5% !important;padding-bottom: 44px !important;padding-left: 5% !important;background-color: #323233 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727285537444{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 16px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;PASSIVATION OF STAINLESS STEEL \u2013 ASTM A967, AMS 2700 &#038; QQ-P-35&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|font_size:32px|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1769164221316{margin-bottom: 16px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1733855057647{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">Passivation of stainless steel is a process that removes free iron from the surface of a stainless component and at the same time promotes the formation of a thin, dense oxide protective barrier. Advanced Plating Technologies, a Milwaukee, Wisconsin company, is an industry leading provider of passivation of stainless steel to <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"\/specification\/astm-a967a967m-13\/\">ASTM A967<\/a>, <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"\/specification\/ams-2700c\/\">AMS 2700<\/a> and <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"\/specification\/qq-p-35c\/\">QQ-P-35<\/a> specifications, employing both citric and nitric acid methods. APT provides both competitive high-volume commercial stainless steel passivation as well as <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"\/passivation-cleaning\/passivation-of-titanium-medical-alloys\/\">precision medical passivation<\/a> of titanium and other medical-grade alloys including cobalt chromium, MP35N and 316LVM, utilizing ultrasonic systems for demanding applications within the medical and dental industries. APT provides passivation across various sectors including the medical, dental, aerospace, power transmission\/distribution, heavy equipment and petrol chemical industries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">When stainless steel products are manufactured, free iron is transferred to the surface of the material from the steel cutting, stamping and forming tools used in the manufacturing process. Free iron can also be imparted on the surface by polishing or blasting operations that utilize the same polish or blast media between both mild steel and corrosion resistant steel grades. Free iron readily oxidizes, forming visible rust on the surface of the product. Passivation is a chemical treatment with a specific acid formulation that removes free-iron or other surface contamination from the stainless steel while simultaneously promoting the formation of a passive chromium\/nickel oxide layer to act as a barrier to further corrosion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">It is important to note that stainless steel is corrosion resistant but not corrosion proof. The degree of corrosion resistance of a stainless steel alloy is a function of the alloying composition, heat treatment, internal stresses and passivation treatment. An example of this phenomenon is 303 free-machining stainless steel which has notably less corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel due to the higher concentration of sulfur and phosphorous that imparts the desired machinability of the 303 grade. As a general rule, the higher the nickel and chromium content in the alloy, the more corrosion resistance it will have.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7379&#8243; img_size=&#8221;557&#215;70&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_blank&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727285612219{margin-top: 20px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221; link=&#8221;mailto:quotes@advancedplatingtech.com&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727285547626{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 16px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1721833611805{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<script src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.com\/embed\/medias\/kyajyrwndr.jsonp\" async><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; 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content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1730829981123{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 6px !important;border-right-width: 3px !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;border-left-width: 6px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1730828790356{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-right-width: 3px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7438&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731002679802{margin-top: 8px !important;margin-right: -50px !important;margin-bottom: 16px !important;margin-left: -50px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;4\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1730828806368{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-left-width: 3px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1732290056604{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #e51a24 !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-weight: bold; font-size: 30px; line-height: 30px;\">Passivation<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"color: grey; font-family: 'EB Garamond'; font-size: 30px; line-height: 30px;\">PASSIVATIO<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1732290198199{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 16px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 16px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-bottom: 16px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;techTable&#8221;]<\/p>\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>1)<\/strong> Passive Layer Cr2O3 &lt; 0.000001 inches thick<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>2)<\/strong> Thermal Conductivity of CRES 0.16-0.21 W\/cm*K<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>3)<\/strong> Electrical Resistivity of CRES 750-1000 nOhm*m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>4)<\/strong> Melting Temperature of CRES 1371-1399 C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>5)<\/strong> Density of CRES 8.03 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731091648082{margin-top: 44px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 44px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1730828603501{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 6px !important;border-right-width: 6px !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;border-left-width: 3px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1730828745626{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1733156695898{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;}&#8221;]<strong><span style=\"color: white; line-height: 1em;\">Passivation of Stainless Steel Properties<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white; font-size: 15px;\">Stainless steel or corrosion-resistant steel (CRES) is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 11% chromium content by weight. Many alloys of stainless steel include substantial nickel to further enhance the corrosion resistance. In general, stainless steel is broken down into three main groups based upon the alloying elements and Passivation of stainless steel click lockscompositions as follows: 1) Austenitic Grades (all 200 &amp; 300-series), 2) Ferritic Grades (part of the 400-series, low carbon alloys) and 3) Martensitic Grades (part of the 400-series, higher carbon alloys).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white; font-size: 15px;\">The reason for the stain-less nature of stainless steel is due to the formation of a thin, adherent and passive (nonreactive) film of nickel &amp; chromium oxides that forms a barrier to prevent further surface corrosion of the product. This is in stark contrast to iron oxide (red rust) that forms on plain carbon steel products. Iron oxide is a loose, scaly oxide that easily falls away to allow the formation of additional iron oxide, thereby perpetuating the corrosion reaction.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731091658522{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 12% !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 12% !important;background-color: #ed1426 !important;border-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;techElement&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731091758606{margin-top: 44px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731091749829{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 6px !important;border-right-width: 6px !important;border-bottom-width: 3px !important;border-left-width: 6px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731096194063{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-right-width: 3px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7438&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731002679802{margin-top: 8px !important;margin-right: -50px !important;margin-bottom: 16px !important;margin-left: -50px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;4\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731096200396{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-left-width: 3px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1732048449672{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #e51a24 !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-weight: bold; font-size: 35px;\">Passivation<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434636965{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 16px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-bottom: 16px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;techTable&#8221;]<\/p>\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>1)<\/strong> Passive Layer Cr2O3 &lt; 0.000001 inches thick<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>2)<\/strong> Thermal Conductivity of CRES 0.16-0.21 W\/cm*K<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>3)<\/strong> Electrical Resistivity of CRES 750-1000 nOhm*m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>4)<\/strong> Melting Temperature of CRES 1371-1399 C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>5)<\/strong> Density of CRES 8.03 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731096209446{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7438&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731002679802{margin-top: 8px !important;margin-right: -50px !important;margin-bottom: 16px !important;margin-left: -50px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1732048438583{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #e51a24 !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-weight: bold; font-size: 35px;\">Passivation<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434636965{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 16px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-bottom: 16px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;techTable&#8221;]<\/p>\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>1)<\/strong> Passive Layer Cr2O3 &lt; 0.000001 inches thick<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>2)<\/strong> Thermal Conductivity of CRES 0.16-0.21 W\/cm*K<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>3)<\/strong> Electrical Resistivity of CRES 750-1000 nOhm*m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>4)<\/strong> Melting Temperature of CRES 1371-1399 C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>5)<\/strong> Density of CRES 8.03 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731091767803{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 44px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731091780731{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 3px !important;border-right-width: 6px !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;border-left-width: 6px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #ed1425 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1730828745626{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434151033{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;}&#8221;]<strong><span style=\"color: white; line-height: 1em;\">Passivation of Stainless Steel Properties<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white; font-size: 15px;\">Stainless steel or corrosion-resistant steel (CRES) is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 11% chromium content by weight. Many alloys of stainless steel include substantial nickel to further enhance the corrosion resistance. In general, stainless steel is broken down into three main groups based upon the alloying elements and Passivation of stainless steel click lockscompositions as follows: 1) Austenitic Grades (all 200 &amp; 300-series), 2) Ferritic Grades (part of the 400-series, low carbon alloys) and 3) Martensitic Grades (part of the 400-series, higher carbon alloys).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white; font-size: 15px;\">The reason for the stain-less nature of stainless steel is due to the formation of a thin, adherent and passive (nonreactive) film of nickel &amp; chromium oxides that forms a barrier to prevent further surface corrosion of the product. This is in stark contrast to iron oxide (red rust) that forms on plain carbon steel products. Iron oxide is a loose, scaly oxide that easily falls away to allow the formation of additional iron oxide, thereby perpetuating the corrosion reaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white; font-size: 15px;\">When stainless steel products are manufactured, free iron is transferred to the surface of the material from the steel cutting, stamping and forming tools used in the manufacturing process. Free iron can also be imparted on the surface by polishing or blasting operations that utilize the same polish or blast media between both mild steel and corrosion resistant steel grades. Free iron readily oxidizes, forming visible rust on the surface of the product. Passivation is a chemical treatment with a specific acid formulation that removes free-iron or other surface contamination from the stainless steel while simultaneously promoting the formation of a passive chromium\/nickel oxide layer to act as a barrier to further corrosion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white; font-size: 15px;\">It is important to note that stainless steel is corrosion resistant but not corrosion proof. The degree of corrosion resistance of a stainless steel alloy is a function of the alloying composition, heat treatment, internal stresses and passivation treatment. An example of this phenomenon is 303 free-machining stainless steel which has notably less corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel due to the higher concentration of sulfur and phosphorous that imparts the desired machinability of the 303 grade. As a general rule, the higher the nickel and chromium content in the alloy, the more corrosion resistance it will have.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;image&#8221; parallax_style=&#8221;vcpb-default&#8221; bg_image_new=&#8221;id^7453|url^https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/APT-Groups-Tall-2000-Wash-scaled.jpg|caption^null|alt^null|title^APT-Groups-Tall-2000-Wash|description^null&#8221; bg_image_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; bg_img_attach=&#8221;fixed&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731510265599{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 64px !important;padding-right: 10% !important;padding-bottom: 64px !important;padding-left: 10% !important;background-color: #dbdbdb !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;capabilities&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1724257657252{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Passivation of Stainless Steel \u2013 Advanced Plating Technologies\u2019 Capabilities&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|font_size:32px|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:600%20bold%20regular%3A600%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434259976{margin-bottom: 64px !important;}&#8221; el_id=&#8221;title&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434285347{margin-right: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 80px !important;margin-left: 40px !important;border-top-width: 2px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;border-left-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #57585a !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;capabilityBox&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Specifications&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23e71d24&#8243; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1723143566591{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971124142{margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-right-width: 16px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 16px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 16px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">ASTM A967<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">AMS 2700<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">QQ-P-35<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">ASTM 380<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">ASTM F86<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">AMS 2700<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">ISO 16048<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">Most Company Specifications<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434299368{margin-right: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 80px !important;margin-left: 40px !important;border-top-width: 2px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;border-left-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #57585a !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;capabilityBox&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Types&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23e71d24&#8243; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971166502{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971148936{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 16px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 16px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">Precision Medical-Grade Passivation<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">Commercial Passivation<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434315226{margin-right: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 80px !important;margin-left: 40px !important;border-top-width: 2px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;border-left-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #57585a !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;capabilityBox&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Stainless Steel Grades Passivated&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23e71d24&#8243; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971219603{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971257766{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 16px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 16px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">Austenitic Grades (All 200 &amp; 300 series)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">Ferritic Grades (Part of 400 series and low carbon alloys)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">Martensitic Grades (Part of 400 series and higher carbon alloys)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">Medical &amp; Exotic Alloys: Titanium, MP35N, 316LVM, Cobalt-Chromium, Inconel, Nickel-Alloys (Nickel 200), Kovar, Invar<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434340151{margin-right: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 8px !important;margin-left: 40px !important;border-top-width: 2px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;border-left-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #57585a !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;capabilityBox&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Part Size Limitations&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23e71d24&#8243; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971270441{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971281984{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 16px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 16px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">24 Inches x 28 Inches x 10 Inches<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434351937{margin-right: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 8px !important;margin-left: 40px !important;border-top-width: 2px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;border-left-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #57585a !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;capabilityBox&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Heat Treatments&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23e71d24&#8243; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971290774{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971318671{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 16px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 16px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">Hydrogen Embrittlement Bakes<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">Stress Relieving Bakes<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">High Temperature Bakes up to 750F<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434327441{margin-right: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 8px !important;margin-left: 40px !important;border-top-width: 2px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;border-left-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-color: #57585a !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;capabilityBox&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Methods&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23e71d24&#8243; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1723143905357{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;background-color: #323232 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971352987{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 16px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;padding-left: 16px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">Nitric Acid Passivation<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">Citric Acid Passivation<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">CitriSurf Passivation<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">A-A-A (Alkaline-Acid-Alkaline) Passivation (Citric or Nitric)<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content_no_spaces&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1733855391919{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 44px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 44px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-image: url(https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Website-Background-Piece.png?id=7652) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1680035292886{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;CONTACT BY EMAIL NOW&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|font_size:35px|text_align:center|color:%23e9172a&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1721844442293{margin-bottom: 16px !important;}&#8221;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Contact Us&#8221; style=&#8221;custom&#8221; custom_background=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; custom_text=&#8221;#dd3333&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_align=&#8221;right&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-envelope&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1723146608221{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fadvancedplatingtech.com%2Fcontact%2F|title:Contact&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1726778172157{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 32px !important;padding-right: 9% !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 9% !important;background-color: #323233 !important;background-position: 0 0 !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;selector&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1721844327670{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 32px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Passivation of Stainless Steel Specifications&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|font_size:32px|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971377161{margin-bottom: 16px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1734537875646{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">Advanced Plating Technologies (APT) offers passivation to all methods listed within ASTM A967, AMS 2700 and QQ-P-35. In addition, APT can meet the requirements of any company-specific nitric or citric acid stainless steel passivation methods. APT also provides passivation of stainless steel to the Carpenter A-A-A process to passivate difficult stainless steel alloys including high-sulfur free machining 303 or 416 alloys as well as high chromium alloys such as 440 stainless (reference: A-A-A Passivation Methods article in our Metal Finishing <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/technical-library\/white-papers\/\">White Papers<\/a> section). Inhibited passivation solutions are available to maintain bright surfaces of stainless components such as machined faces and centerless ground 303 or 416 stainless steel shafts.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Unfortunately, very few part prints indicate the specific passivation method to be employed. This opens the door for finishing job shops to use any convenient method they have available resulting in a part that has been passivated but is not truly passive (reference: <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/technical-library\/plating-topics\/passivated-stainless-steel-corrosion-prevented\/\">How to Prevent Corrosion on Passivated Stainless Steel Products<\/a> in our <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"\/technical-library\/plating-topics\/\">Plating Topics<\/a> section).\u00a0 APT\u2019s experience in passivation ensures that the correct passivation method will be selected to match the specific stainless steel grade. Advanced Plating Technologies provides full in-house testing services to certify the performance of our stainless steel passivation including high humidity, salt spray per ASTM B117, potassium ferricyanide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">The most common stainless steel passivation specifications certified by Advanced Plating Technologies are ASTM A967, AMS 2700 and QQ-P-35. APT can also certify passivation to ASTM A380, ASTM F86, AMS 2700C, ISO 16048 as well as most company-specific passivation specifications. A summary of stainless steel passivation techniques per the common ASTM, AMS and Mil specs is as follows:<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1734471746874{margin-right: 20px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;margin-left: 20px !important;padding-top: 32px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-bottom: 32px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;background: rgba(0,0,0,0.4) url(https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/metal-back2.5.png?id=7064) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(0,0,0) !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;specifications&#8221; column_link=&#8221;url:%2Fspecification%2Fastm-a967a967m-13%2F|target:_blank&#8221;][vc_row_inner content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1724266415289{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 16px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434398480{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 4px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7364&#8243; img_size=&#8221;100&#215;100&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1738941122866{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434389710{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Passivation of Stainless Steel to ASTM A967&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23ed1425&#8243; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971608787{margin-bottom: 16px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971706807{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>Five nitric and citric methods are listed as follows:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Nitric 1: 20-25 v% Nitric Acid, 2.5 w% Sodium Dichromate, 120-130F, 20 Mins minimum<br \/>\nNitric 2: 20-45 v% Nitric Acid, 70-90F, 30 Mins minimum<br \/>\nNitric 3: 20-25 v% Nitric Acid, 120-140F, 20 Mins minimum<br \/>\nNitric 4: 45-55 v% Nitric Acid, 120-130F, 30 Mins minimum<br \/>\nNitric 5: Other combinations of temperature, time, and acid with or without accelerants, inhibitors or proprietary solutions capable of producing parts that pass the specified test requirements<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Citric 1: 4-10 w% Citric Acid, 140-160F, 4 Mins minimum<br \/>\nCitric 2: 4-10 w% Citric Acid, 120-140F, 10 Mins minimum<br \/>\nCitric 3: 4-10 w% Citric Acid, 70-120F, 20 Mins minimum<br \/>\nCitric 4: Other combinations of temperature time and concentration of citric acid with or without chemicals to enhance cleaning, accelerants or inhibitors capable of producing parts that pass the specified test requirements.<br \/>\nCitric 5: Other combinations of temperature time and concentration of citric acid with or without chemicals to enhance cleaning, accelerants or inhibitors capable of producing parts that pass the specified test requirements. Immersion bath to be controlled at pH of 1.8-2.2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>Five testing methods to validate passivation services are provided as follows:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Practice A \u2013 Water Immersion Test<br \/>\nPractice B \u2013 High Humidity Test<br \/>\nPractice C \u2013 Salt Spray Test<br \/>\nPractice D \u2013 Copper Sulfate Test<br \/>\nPractice E \u2013 Potassium Ferricyanide-Nitric Acid Test<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">A table of recommended nitric acid passivation methods is provided in the Appendix that correlate Nitric 1 through 5 methods to the specific stainless steel alloy grade. No such reference is provided in the specification for Citric 1 through 5 methods.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1734471755080{margin-right: 20px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;margin-left: 20px !important;padding-top: 32px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-bottom: 32px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;background: rgba(0,0,0,0.4) url(https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/metal-back2.5.png?id=7064) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(0,0,0) !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;specifications&#8221; column_link=&#8221;url:%2Fspecification%2Fqq-p-35c%2F|target:_blank&#8221;][vc_row_inner content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1724257741029{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 16px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434499511{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 4px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7368&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1738941133428{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434509548{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Passivation of Stainless Steel to QQ-P-35&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23ed1425|line_height:1em&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727972991524{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727973033697{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">QQ-P-35 does not cover citric acid passivation services. Four active nitric acid passivation services are covered as follows (four inactive methods have been withdrawn):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Type I \u2013 Withdrawn<br \/>\nType II \u2013 20-25 v% Nitric, 2-2.5 w% Sodium Dichromate, 120-130F, 20 Mins minimum<br \/>\nType III \u2013 Withdrawn<br \/>\nType IV \u2013 Withdrawn<br \/>\nType V \u2013 Withdrawn<br \/>\nType VI \u2013 25-45 v% Nitric, 70-90F, 30 Mins minimum<br \/>\nType VII \u2013 20-25 v% Nitric, 120-150F, 20 Mins minimum<br \/>\nType VIII \u2013 45-55 v% Nitric, 120-130F, 30 Mins minimum<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>Four testing methods to validate passivation services are provided as follows:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">4.4.1.1 \u2013 Water Immersion Test<br \/>\n4.4.1.2 \u2013 High Humidity Test<br \/>\n4.4.2.1 \u2013 Salt Spray Test<br \/>\n4.4.2.2 Copper Sulfate Test<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">A table of recommended nitric acid passivation services is provided in the Appendix that correlate Type II, VI, VII &amp; VIII methods to the specific stainless steel alloy grade..<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1734471763035{margin-right: 20px !important;margin-bottom: -64px !important;margin-left: 20px !important;padding-top: 32px !important;padding-right: 32px !important;padding-bottom: 32px !important;padding-left: 32px !important;background: rgba(0,0,0,0.4) url(https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/metal-back2.5.png?id=7064) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(0,0,0) !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;specifications&#8221; column_link=&#8221;url:%2Fspecification%2Fams-2700c%2F|target:_blank&#8221;][vc_row_inner content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1724266421455{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 16px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434439061{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 4px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7378&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1738941156876{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1731434456157{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Passivation of Stainless Steel to AMS 2700&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:22px|text_align:left|color:%23ed1425|line_height:1em&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727971942276{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727972810582{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: white;\">AMS 2700 covers passivation to both nitric and citric method<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Method 1 \u2013 Passivation in Nitric Acid (see types below)<br \/>\nMethod 2- Passivation in Citric Acid (4-10w% Citric Acid, various temperature\/time ratios are offered and additional wetting agents and inhibitors are acceptable)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>The following types may be specified for Method 1:<\/strong><br \/>\nType 1 \u2013 Low temperature nitric acid with sodium dichromate (20-25v% nitric, 2-3w% sodium dichromate, 70-90F, 30 mins min)<br \/>\nType 2 \u2013 Medium temperature nitric acid with sodium dichromate (20-25v% nitric, 2-3w% sodium dichromate, 120-130F, 20 mins min)<br \/>\nType 3 \u2013 High temperature nitric acid with sodium dichromate (20-25v% nitric, 2-3w% sodium dichromate, 145-155F, 10 mins min)<br \/>\nType 4 \u2013 40v% nitric acid for free machining steels (38-42v% nitric, 2-3w% sodium dichromate, 70-120F, 30 mins min)<br \/>\nType 5 \u2013 Anodic, for high carbon martensitic steels (20-25v% nitric, 2-3w% sodium dichromate, 70-90F, 2 mins min, part anodic at 3-5 volts)<br \/>\nType 6 \u2013 Low temperature nitric acid (25-45v% nitric, 70-90F, 30 mins min)<br \/>\nType 7 \u2013 Medium temperature nitric acid (20-25v% nitric, 120-140F, 20 mins min)<br \/>\nType 8 \u2013 Medium temperature, high nitric acid concentration (45-55v% nitric, 120-130F, 30 mins min)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>3.1.3 Method 2 \u2013 Passivation in Citric Acid<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">3.1.3.1 Bath Composition: Parts shall be immersed in an aqueous solution of 4 to 10 percent citric acid, with additional wetting agents and inhibitors as applicable.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: white;\">3.1.3.2.1 Temperature: Bath temperature shall be 70 to 160F (21 to 71C) with an immersion time of not less than 4 minutes for baths operating over 140F (60C), not less than 10 minutes for baths operating in the 120 to 140F (49 to 60C) range, not less than 20 minutes for baths operating in the range of 100 to 119F (38 to 48C) or not less than 30 minutes for baths operating below 100F (38C).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: white;\">\n<li>4-10w% Citric Acid, 140-160F, 4 Mins Min<\/li>\n<li>4-10w% Citric Acid, 120-140F, 10 Mins Minimum<\/li>\n<li>4-10w% Citric Acid, 100-119F, 20 Mins Minimum<\/li>\n<li>4-10w% Citric Acid, 70-100F, 30 Mins Minimum<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Where no type is specified, the processor may use any of the listed types that meet the requirements given within AMS 2700.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\"><strong>The following Classes are provided for testing within AMS 2700 (if no class is defined, Class 2 shall apply):<\/strong><br \/>\nClass 1 \u2013 Testing not defined or as specified by the customer, test per 4.3.1 sampling plan<br \/>\nClass 2 \u2013 Testing shall be one part per lot<br \/>\nClass 3 \u2013 Frequency of testing shall be on a periodic basis<br \/>\nClass 4 \u2013 Frequency of testing defined by 4.3.4 sampling plan (testing previously defined by QQ-P-35)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Various corrosion resistance tests are defined within AMS 2700. However, it is noted that certain alloys such as high carbon alloys with 0.85% carbon or more (such as 440C) are exempt from various testing requirements due to false positives that can result. Parts shall meet one or more of the following tests:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: white;\">\n<li>Humidity Test<\/li>\n<li>Water Immersion<\/li>\n<li>Copper Sulfate Test<\/li>\n<li>Salt Spray Test<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: white;\">Table 4 within AMS 2700 provides a comprehensive summary of both nitric and citric acid methods that can be applied as a function of alloy. This table is more comprehensive than those listed in either ASTM A967 or QQ-P-35.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1734381987520{margin-right: 20px !important;margin-bottom: -64px !important;margin-left: 20px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;specifications&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7670&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1734382000591{margin-top: 44px !important;margin-bottom: 64px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7669&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1734381949402{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1723144820794{padding-top: 64px !important;padding-right: 7% !important;padding-bottom: 32px !important;padding-left: 7% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1724259167956{padding-right: 20px !important;}&#8221; 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css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1689875466833{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 5% !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 5% !important;background-color: #323233 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1689618176009{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom:&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":362,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"tpl-wp-bakery.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7392","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P7G6ce-1Ve","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7392"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8178,"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7392\/revisions\/8178"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedplatingtech.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}